Semen Analysis

A semen analysis is an essential part of the initial fertility workup. Semen is the fluid that nourishes, protects, and carries sperm during ejaculation and initial transport into the female reproductive tract. A semen analysis is a laboratory evaluation of the male ejaculate. The sample is typically collected in a sterile container following masturbation. If masturbation is not culturally acceptable, a special condom can be used to collect semen during intercourse.

The semen analysis provides information about the quantity and quality of both semen and the sperm it contains. Some of the things that are measured include:

• Volume: how much semen is produced
• Concentration: number of sperm in each milliliter of semen
• Motility: percentage of sperm that are moving
• Morphology: percentage of sperm that have a normal size and shape.
• The analysis can also suggest if there is an infection in the reproductive system.

It is preferred that the semen sample is tested within an hour of collection. Avoiding ejaculation for 2 to 5 days before providing a sample may be recommended to optimize results. Samples from two separate visits several weeks apart may be required, as samples can show variation over time.